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发表于 2018-4-29 00:34:40
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火车已经离开了赛道。
特征方程是确定系统响应的关键。闭合的极点应放置在s平面内的负实轴附近并远离虚轴。这导致更快的响应和更低的超调。
#1中的示例显示了仅用于比例控制器的闭环传递函数。由于只有一个增益,所以只能放置一个极点,但其他极点的位置会随着比例增益的变化而变化。
大学使用像#1这样的简单示例来教授根轨迹。要学习的项目之一是分离点。教授很少提及分离点的重要性。当极点处于分离点时,它们位于负实轴上,因此不会出现超调。误差尽可能地衰减,但衰减率将是固有频率和阻尼因子的函数。令人悲伤的是,根轨迹技术只对比例控制器有用。很少有学生学习杆位。
理想情况下,三阶特征方程应该有三个控制器增益来放置所有极点。在#1中只有一个收益。这限制了系统的响应。
那么闭环极点的最佳位置在哪里?
这是ITAE,IAE和SSE方法试图确定的。对优化有不同的定义。
The train has left the track.
The characteristic equation is key to determining the response of the system. The closed poles should be placed near the negative real axis in the s-plane and away from the imaginary axis. This results in faster responses and lower overshoot.
The example in #1 shows the closed loop transfer function for a proportional only controller. Since there is only one gain, only one pole can be placed but the other pole locations will change as a the proportional gain is changed.
Universities use a simple example like #1 to teach root locus. One of the items to be learned is where the breakaway point is. The professor rarely mention the significance of the breakaway point. When the poles are on the break away point they are on the negative real axis so there will be no overshoot. The errors will decay as quicly as possible but the decay rate will be a function of the natural frequency and damping factor. What is sad is that the root locus technique is only useful for proportional only controllers. Few students learn pole placement.
Ideally a third order characteristic equation should have three controller gains to place all the poles. In #1 there is only one gain. This limits the response of the system.
So where is the best location for the closed loop poles?
This is what the ITAE, IAE and SSE methods try to determine. There are different deffinitions of optimal.
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